美国大学report：论文结构安排

一直在说中外教学差异，这个差异在有时候区别真的是非常大，就以留学生需要写作的report来说吧。

美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由于自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。

学术Report写作论文结构安排

Introduction

交代一下论文的背景，点出文章主题，起到与文章主体(main body)第一段的过渡作用。不知道从何说起的可以试一下以这些句式开头：

1)This will be followed by a description of the xx of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.

2)Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.

3)In the next section,after a statement of the basic problem,various situation possibility knowledge are investigated.

4)To begin with we will provide a brisf background on xx.

观点分段列Evidence and body part

1)In this section,the characteristics and environment under which xx is described.

2)We will provide in this section basic xx which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.

例子+分析

分析一定要辩证看，体现argument

关于举例子

a)学校就有非常实用的资源网站：My library

b)节约时间：Google网站后面带edu.ac.uk.gov.uk.bbc主要就是带acdemic的都可以放心使用的

c)电子书：很多网站都有各种文献的电子版，同学们直接搜就可以了!

举例子的时候可以用以下的句子：

XX devoted to the basic aspect of XX.

XX describe the system itself in a general way,including the XX and also discuss how to evaluate system performance.

XX discusses some problems with and approaches to XX.

By the illustration of XX,...

Further lending credence to my position is that XX.

According to the investigation conducted this year indicates that XX.

结尾段总结Conlusion

1)This Report conclude with a discussion of further research consideration in XX.

2)XX provides a summary of some extensions of XX

3)The basic questions posed above are discussed and conclusion are drawn.

4)Admittedly,XX also has certain merits which deserve some words here.For example,XX

5)Therefore,due to the above mentioned reasons,which sometimes correlate with each other to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive than any single one of them,I reinforce my stand point that XX

结尾部分可以点题，并且概括主题段出现的要点，总结全文。