美国本科经济学作业辅导之无差异曲线、寡头垄断与博弈论

　　美国本科经济学作业辅导之无差异曲线、寡头垄断与博弈论提到经济学，很多学生选择出国留学学习深造经济学方面的内容，不管是微观经济学还是宏观经济学，都涉及了经济，那么这次美国留学生在经济学专业课上的作业“无差异曲线、寡头垄断与博弈论”该怎么完成呢?如何分析期优缺点呢?下面美国本科经济学作业辅导老师来说说。

　　微观经济学旨在覆盖我们经济生活的方方面面。本报告将讨论、评估和评估微观经济学理论在达到这一目标上的有用性和局限性。微观经济学是“研究个人做出的选择以及这些选择在给定市场中相互作用的方式”更简单地说，微观经济学是稀缺资源的分配。微观经济学有许多目标，首要的是：公平、效率、增长和稳定。本文将对寡头垄断理论的一般理论：无差别分析、博弈论和寡头垄断的市场结构进行分析，分析其优缺点及其在现实世界中的应用。

　　Introduction: 简介

　　Microeconomics aims to cover every aspects of our economic life. This report will discuss, evaluate and assess the usefulness and limitations of microeconomic theories in reaching that aim. Microeconomics is "The study of choices that individuals make and the way these choices will interact in given markets" (Parkin et al. 2012, p.2) or put more simply, microeconomics is the allocation of scarce resources. There are a number of objectives of microeconomics, the foremost being; Equity, Efficiency, Growth and Stability. This report will examine the commonly used theories of; Indifference analysis, Game Theory and the market structure of Oligopoly; analysing the benefits and drawbacks and how they are applied in the real world.

　　Indifference Curve Analysis: 无差异曲线分析：

　　To answer questions about individual decision making indifference curve analysis is applied. Before looking at this model it is necessary to assume that the individual satisfies the four axioms of rational preference formulated by Savage (1954). These are; completeness, more is better, transitivity and convexity. Sugden (1991 p.761) describes these as "Preferences over acts, where acts are made up of consequences."

　　A rational consumer will of course spend their money on the mix of products that give them most pleasure (Read 2007, p.45). However this will vary for each consumer, because each consumer will have different preferences. The consumer is constrained financially by their exogenous income to only be able to purchase bundles of goods X and Y on or below their budget line. This line does not always have to be straight, and in everyday applications it often is not. This is true with perfect compliments such as right and left shoes, the budget constraint will be stepped because a consumer will not gain much "util" (benefit) from having significantly more right shoes than left. An indifference curve is a graph showing a combination of two different goods that give the consumer equal satisfaction. There are four main properties of an indifference curve; it is ubiquitous, downward sloping, cannot cross and cannot become less steep. The marginal rate of substitution is the rate at which the consumer is willing to exchange one bundle, for another along the indifference curve (this is equal to the value of the slope). Diminishing marginal rate of substitution explains why the line is curved as seen in figure 1 (Perloff, 2012). The consumer will take any allocation of resources along each indifference curve (I1, I2, I3). Their utility is optimal where the indifference curve meets the budget constraint. It can be observed that I2 is tangent to the budget constraint at point 'e' therefore that is the rational and optimal choice, although I1 does also intersect part of the budget constraint (points 'a' and 'c'), the equilibrium of goods will be less desirable. Therefore that leaves I2 as the rational choice. However indifference curve analysis does not take into account the consumers preference to save instead of spend. This could cause point 'd' to be the most desirable option

　　以上是美国留学生经济学作业，关于“无差异曲线、寡头垄断与博弈论”的回答，如果我们在写这样论文式作业，对于这样英文完成作业有些困难或者不知道怎么做，欢迎咨询美国本科经济学作业辅导老师，帮助留学生快速完成经济学专业知识和复习。